zoo 1.9-0 (2026-07-30)

• Code repository changed from R-Forge to Codeberg at: https://codeberg.org/zeileis/zoo/

• Turned all vignettes (except the Journal of Statistical Software paper) from Rnw to Rmd format with HTML output.

• Added altdoc-based website with overview, documentation, and vignettes at: https://zeileis.codeberg.page/zoo/

• When coercing timeSeries objects to zoo it has long not been necessary to employ timeSeries::time() but instead the base stats::time() generic can be used (reported by Georgi Boshnakov).

• The case of read.zoo(file, index.column = 0) is handled correctly now if file is already a data.frame.

• Updated structure() calls to use names = ... instead of .Names = ... etc.

• Fixed errors due to unprotected variable index in zoo_lag in C.

zoo 1.8-15 (2025-12-15)

• Documentation fix in BibTeX files requested by CRAN: Use doi field rather than url for DOIs, and updates to various URLs.

zoo 1.8-14 (2025-04-10)

• In the scale_x_yearmon() function the scale_x_continuous() function is now called with transform argument rather than the old trans argument (deprecated since ggplot2 3.5.0). The analogous changes are made for scale_y_* and yearqtr. (Patch provided by Jari Karppinen.)

• Improve example with AM/PM times in vignette("zoo-read", package = "zoo"): The %p specification for the AM/PM indicator should be combined with %I (and not %H) for the hours in 01-12 (rather than 00-23). (Reported by Brian D. Ripley.)

• In the C code use the isS4() API rather than IS_S4_OBJECT().

• In vignette("zoo-quickref", package = "zoo") update the Yahoo! Finance example (using the MSFT symbol instead of the discontinued SUNW symbol) and omit the Oanda example (because the Oanda service has been discontinued). (Reported by Robert Woodman.)

zoo 1.8-13 (2025-02-22)

• New tinyplot() method for "zoo" objects that is similar to the autoplot() method but employs the tinyplot package rather than ggplot2 for drawing.

• In "yearmon" and "yearqtr" try harder to assure that the underlying vector type remains numeric (without getting coerced). Also added nicer handling and printing of zero-length "yearmon"/"yearqtr" vectors and added a [<- method for "yearmon" and "yearqtr" objects and (suggested by Kyle F. Butts).

• The diff() method for "zoo" objects gained the argument log = FALSE so that diff(x, log = TRUE) can also be used instead of diff(log(x)).

• The as.vector() method for "zoo" objects now applies to coredata() directly rather than going through as.matrix(). The latter was used in previous versions setting up unnecessary additional row/column names etc. with unnecessary computational overhead. (Reported by Ethan Smith at https://github.com/joshuaulrich/xts/issues/406.)

• In write.zoo(), by default, the index is formatted using format() rather than as.character() now (reported in https://stackoverflow.com/questions/77553026). Alternatively, the function FUN to format the time index can also be specified by the user.

• The zoo documentation had aliases for head.ts and tail.ts, although these methods were only very briefly part of the zoo development version and never released. The aliases have been removed now and the base stats package will actually provide head.ts and tail.ts starting from R 4.5.0.

zoo 1.8-12 (2023-04-13)

• The autoplot() method for "zoo" objects now uses ggplot() directly rather than the qplot() function which has been deprecated in recent versions of ggplot2.

• Support start = NA and end = NA in addition to start = NULL and end = NULL for unspecified start and end time of a window() of a zoo series.

• Remove unnecessary S3 method declarations for axis.yearmon/yearqtr as axis() is no S3 generic, only Axis() is (reported by Kurt Hornik).

• The helper function index2char() now calls format() instead of as.character() for objects inheriting from class POSIXt.

zoo 1.8-11 (2022-09-17)

• The as.ts() methods for both "zoo" and "zooreg" objects now allow to pass on the fill argument (through ...) to the underlying merge() call. Thus, you can say as.ts(z, fill = 0) to fill potential gaps with 0s instead of NAs.

• The na.spline() method for "ts" objects had been provided internally in the package but has only been correctly registered in the NAMESPACE now.

• The merge() method gained a sep = "." argument to optionally use a different separator character when making pasting suffixes to column names for making them unique (suggested by Joshua Ulrich).

• The MATCH() methods for "Date"/"POSIXct"/"POSIXlt" object now coerce the table argument (if necessary) to "Date" or "POSIXct", respectively, before calling match(unclass(x), unclass(table), ...) internally.

• In case of a "Date"/"POSIXct"/"POSIXlt" table and a plain atomic argument x, the default MATCH() method coerces x to "Date" or "POSIXct", respectively, before calling match(unclass(x), unclass(table), ...) internally.

• As the fts package has been archived on CRAN for several months, it has been excluded from the Suggests of the package. The as.zoo() method for fts objects continues to be part of the package, though, just the hyperlinks in the documentation have been removed.

zoo 1.8-10 (2022-04-15)

• The transform() method now internally uses a list of "zoo" series (as opposed to a data frame of numeric variables, as used in previous versions). This means that the transformations can really operate on full "zoo" series.

• Added MATCH() methods for classes "Date", "POSIXct", and "POSIXlt", all of which essentially match the underlying numeric vector (suggested by Kurt Hornik).

• In zooreg() the ts.eps argument is now also used (in squares) as the tolerance in the all.equal() comparisons used to determine the underlying regular time grid.

zoo 1.8-9 (2021-03-09)

• Added a basic boxplot(x, ...) method for "zoo" objects that simply calls boxplot(coredata(x), ...).

• Bug fix in [ and [<- methods where indexing with matrices did not work correctly anymore in R 4.x.y because "matrix" objects now additionally inherit from "array" objects (reported by Bill Cunliffe).

• Improved internal functionality in na.spline.default in the same way na.approx.default was enhanced in zoo 1.7-14 and 1.7-13. One difference is that while na.approx() requires at least two non-NA observations, na.spline() just needs one non-NA observation (using a constant to interpolate in that case).

• If the FUN in rollapply() returns a matrix or data frame with more than one row per element/time point, then this is flattened now so that the result is again a matrix with one row per element/time point.

• merge() method now handles the case of all indexes being integer or numeric by coercing the integer indexes to numeric (reported by Simone Giannerini).

• zooreg() now allows to create an integer index if start (and end, if any) are integer and the implied deltat is not numerically different from an integer value.

zoo 1.8-8 (2020-05-02)

• diff.zoo(x, arithmetic = FALSE) now also works if x contains negative data.

• merge() method now handles the combination of "Date" and numeric indexes explicitly to work around the new behavior of c.Date in R >= 4.1.0.

zoo 1.8-7 (2020-01-10)

• Added scale_type() methods for "yearmon"/"yearqtr" to facilitate ggplot2 visualizations of "zoo" series with "yearmon"/"yearqtr" time index (suggested by Brian Diggs). This requires at least ggplot2 3.0.0.

• In merge() method "character" columns are now processed in the same way as "logical" columns.

• Replaced the “fruitohms” example in the “zoo” vignette because the corresponding DAAG package is not actively maintained on CRAN anymore. Instead the “Journals” data from the AER package is used.

zoo 1.8-6 (2019-05-28)

• Adding a zero-width "zoo" series via $<- to an existing "zoo" series erroneously changed the last column name. This has been fixed now (prompted by https://github.com/joshuaulrich/xts/issues/45).

• Set random seed (along with suppressWarnings(RNGversion("3.5.0"))) in all manual pages that use rnorm() as well. Regenerated reference output of examples.

zoo 1.8-5 (2019-03-21)

• Added dedicated diff() methods for "yearmon" and "yearqtr" objects.

• Fix potential problems when logic comparisons in if() are not of length 1 (reported by Kurt Hornik).

• Fix potential protect calls found by rchk. ScalarInteger() and MAKE_CLASS() potentially allocate (reported and patched by Kurt Hornik).

• Set useDynamicSymbols to FALSE as it is better practice to not allow the DLL to be searched for entry points via strings (suggested by Kurt Hornik).

• Replace as.zoo.xts with xts:::as.zoo.xts. Both zoo and xts register an as.zoo.xts method with the xts version being slightly better. Hence the zoo version was replaced with the xts version as the package that owns the class should define the conversion method.

• read.zoo(x) did not process columns correctly who had column names that are intergers in 1:ncol(x).

• Add example on ?ggplot2.zoo that illustrates how to use scale_x_yearmon for a discrete labeling (rather than continuous). Adapted from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54591625/missing-yearmon-labels-using-ggplot-scale-x-yearmon/54592173#54592173

• Added suppressWarnings(RNGversion("3.5.0")) in all vignettes and manual pages that use set.seed() to make computations reproducible. This is necessitated by recent (> 3.5.0) improvements in R’s default RNG to yield the same output in all CRAN checks.

• Added maxgap = Inf argument to na.trim(). In particular na.approx() and na.spline() now pass on maxgap = maxgap to na.trim() so that leading/trailing NAs are handled consistently with inner NAs (pointed out by Ken Williams).

zoo 1.8-4 (2018-09-19)

• Conditional registration of S3 methods simplified in R-devel (aka 3.6.0-to-be) which is leveraged in "zoo" for the autoplot() and fortify() methods if ggplot2 is loaded.

zoo 1.8-3 (2018-07-16)

• The width argument in rollapply() is now trunc()-ated to an integer rather than implicitly coercing it (which lead to inconsistent and/or unintended behavior for non-integer widths in previous versions). Analogously for argument k in the other roll*() functions.

• Consistently use read.zoo(text = ...) and read.table(text = ...) instead of read.zoo(textConnection(...)) and read.table(textConnection(...)) in order to cleanly open/close the text connection.

zoo 1.8-2 (2018-06-11)

• Properly register autoplot() and fortify() methods for "zoo" objects provided that ggplot2 is loaded.

• If rollapply(), rollmean(), etc. are applied to zero-length objects, these objects are returned unmodified.

• The rollmean(x, k, ...) method now calls rollapply(x, k, (mean), ...) in case x contains any NAs (as the fast cumsum()-based solution in rollmean() is not applicable in this case). Analogously for rollsum() and rollmedian() (reported by Jan Gorecki).

• Added new na.fill0() function for simpler filling of NAs in sufficiently plain vectors, "Date" objects, etc.

• Applying na.fill() to all-NA vectors/columns now consistently treats all NAs as leading NAs. Also filling character vectors/columns has been improved.

• In write.zoo() the time index column is now coerced to as.character() prior to calling write.table() so that quote = TRUE is applied when writing time indexes with spaces (e.g., "Jan 2000" for "yearmon").

zoo 1.8-1 (2018-01-08)

• New .DollarNames method (contributed by Josh Ulrich) to enable tab completion when using zoo_object$...

• New default method for zoo::as.Date() that simply dispatches to base::as.Date().

• rollapply(x, k, FUN, align = "right") leads to an error if length(x) < k. This has been corrected to match the behavior of the other align types.

• rollmean(), rollsum(), rollmedian(), and rollmax() no longer throw an error if the series is shorter than the window size. Instead rollapply() is called which either returns an empty series (if fill is not specified) or a padded series (if fill is specified, e.g., to NA).

• read.zoo() now also handles "tbl" objects by coercing them to "data.frame" first. Also gained a read = read.table argument to simplify convenience interfaces read.csv.zoo() etc.

• The fortify() method gained a names argument so that the column names of the (melted) series can be modified.

zoo 1.8-0 (2017-04-13)

• zoo() and zooreg() gained a calendar = getOption("zoo.calendar", TRUE) argument so that, by default, "yearqtr" and "yearmon" are used as the time index for regular "zoo" series with frequency 4 and 12, respectively. With calendar = FALSE the behavior from previous versions with plain unclassed time indexes can be obtained. Set options(zoo.calendar = FALSE) to always retain the old behavior.

• na.locf() is made faster by using a diff()-based solution rather than cumsum() (suggested by Ruben Arslan). Also, the workhorse function na.locf0() underlying the default na.locf() method is now exported in the user interface as it is faster (but also supports less options).

• Better support of vector-valued split arguments in read.zoo().

• Special-cased rollmax(..., k = 1) to return the input coredata().

• as.character() for "yearqtr" objects did not process NA elements correctly.

zoo 1.7-14 (2016-12-19)

• Several convenience interfaces to read.zoo() have been added: read.table.zoo(), read.csv.zoo(), read.csv2.zoo(), read.delim.zoo(), read.delim2.zoo(). All of these first call the corresponding read.*() function to read the data from a text file (with the respective default settings) and subsequently call read.zoo() to turn the data into a "zoo" series.

• na.approx.default did not properly process the maxgap argument if y did not contain any NAs but NAs were only created implicitly by xout being different from x (pointed out by Stefan Metzger). A suitable fix has been added that merges x and xout first.

• aggregate() and rollapply() methods gained the argument coredata = TRUE which can control whether only the coredata is passed to each subset (previous behavior) or the full "zoo" series.

• The its package has been archived on CRAN and hence removed from the list of zoo’s suggested packages. However, various methods for objects of class "its" continue to be available in zoo in case someone still uses the legacy code.

zoo 1.7-13 (2016-05-03)

• The window() method erroneously dropped the dimension in case of 1-column zoo series. Fixed now.

• Bug fix in NA handling of rollmax() pointed out by Cory Fletcher.

• A few as.yearmon/as.yearqtr methods were not registered in the NAMESPACE but are now.

• If there are less then two non-NAs in na.approx() then approx() cannot be applied. Instead of throwing an error (as up to version 1.7-12) simply no NAs are replaced now.

• Bug fix for lag(z, k = k, na.pad = TRUE) which ignored na.pad = TRUE if k was a vector of lags.

zoo 1.7-12 (2015-03-16)

• read.zoo() with a data frame argument now defaults to FUN = identity if the index.column is not character or factor. See ?read.zoo for additional details.

• read.zoo() heuristic improved so that "POSIXct" rather than "Date" is detected in cases like: read.zoo(text = "2010-01-01 12:05:03 88.1", index = 1:2).

• Added a dim<- method that checks whether the new dimension value appears to be ok and then calls the default.

• The index<- and time<- methods now enforce that the new time index is actually correctly ordered (suggested by Joshua Ulrich).

• The fortify() method now has a col.names argument that allows to set (some of) the column names of the resulting data frame.

• Various small bug fixes and enhancements.

zoo 1.7-11 (2014-02-27)

• Extended the license from “GPL-2” to “GPL-2 | GPL-3”.

• Avoid duplications in Suggests/Imports/Depends in the package’s DESCRIPTION. Use only :: instead of ::: to access certain functions from other namespaces.

• Added as.list() methods for "yearmon"/"yearqtr".

• Added workaround in Ops.zoo if first argument is not a "zoo" series (prompted by Josh Ulrich).

• The transform() method for "zoo" series now does what the method for "data.frame" does (instead of just calling it) in order to get non-standard evaluation.

zoo 1.7-10 (2013-06-14)

• All methods that had previously been fully exported (merge.zoo, MATCH.default, …, and many more) in order to be accessible to all conceivable generics are now additionally registered as S3method()s for the standard generics. Exception: as.Date.* are still only fully exported.

• Added a new mean() method for "zoo" objects that simply does mean(coredata(obj), ...).

• Added yearmon_trans(), scale_x_yearmon() and scale_y_yearmon() and yearqtr_trans(), scale_x_yearqtr() and scale_y_yearqtr() to ggplot2 interface.

• Removed the use of the shape and linetype aesthetic by default in autoplot() method.

• Bug fix in na.fill() for univariate series based on 1-column matrices (provided by Josh Ulrich).

• Added [[ methods for "yearmon" and "yearqtr".

• Constructs like time(obj)[ORDER(time(obj))] are now split up into two steps in the package code. If zoo is only imported but not loaded, R can otherwise have problems correctly dispatching to the new generics ORDER() andMATCH()`.

• as.Date() now also works for "yearqtr"/"yearmon" that are all NA (especially needed for format() and print() method).

zoo 1.7-9 (2012-11-04)

• Added ggplot2 interface through autoplot() and fortify() methods. Also support function facet_free().

zoo 1.7-8 (2012-10-06)

• Added rollsum().

• Bugfix in src/lag.c for the case of k > NROW.

zoo 1.7-7 (2012-02-11)

• Fixed bug where column names were dropped when merging with zero width "zoo" object.

• Fixed slow-down in rollapply() compared to versions up to 1.6-x.

• C code now correctly declares GPL-2 (or later) license in the src/*.c files.

zoo 1.7-6 (2011-11-02)

• Removed dependency on fCalendar which was only for historical purposes. vignette("zoo", package = "zoo") outlines how timeDate instead of fCalendar can be used together with zoo.

zoo 1.7-5 (2011-10-25)

• Fixed a bug in the aggregate() method which occured when using it with "zoo" objects that have a "timeDate" index.

• In read.zoo() index.column can refer to column names or numbers (previously only numbers)

• Fully export all as.Date.* methods so that they can be used more easily (i.e., without extra registration) with as.Date() generics from other packages (base in particular).

zoo 1.7-4 (2011-08-22)

• Fixed bug in rollapply() and slowness in rollmax().

• read.zoo() gains text= argument similar to that in new read.table().

zoo 1.7-3 (2011-08-11)

• Added drop = TRUE argument to merge() method. When set to drop = FALSE this allows to merge a zero-column series with a "zoo" vector to a one-column matrix. The latter is the default in the cbind() method.

• Enhanced the $<- method so that z$a <- value works even if z is a "zoo" series without data.

• Bug fix in C version of lag() method for "xts".

zoo 1.7-2 (2011-07-23)

• Modified as.Date.numeric is now in the zoo namespace rather than in the base namespace, own as.Date() generic to assure dispatch. For packages depending on zoo, this means that they may need to import it from zoo (or call zoo:::as.Date.numeric directly).

• Small bug fixes.

zoo 1.7-1 (2011-07-18)

• Internal change to roll* routines to increase compatibility with classes built on top of "zoo" (especially "xts"). This has no effect on "zoo".

• as.Date.numeric(x, origin = "0000-00-00") is now also accepted being equivalent to origin = as.Date("0000-01-01") - 1. (for MATLAB dates)

zoo 1.7-0 (2011-07-12)

• A [<- method was added and the behavior is now consistent with the [ method.

• The check.names argument of the merge() method now defaults to FALSE.

• Added a new as.zoo() method for "matrix" objects in order to preserve column names. Also, a new "data.frame" method leverages the "matrix" method.

• In rollapply() width may be a list whose components are offsets. The ascending argument is no longer supported. Use width’s list form instead.

• In rollapply() new partial and fill arguments. The na.pad argument is deprecated.

• rollapply() with FUN = mean will no longer call rollmean if the data has any NA values.

• Added a yax.flip argument to the plot() method for "zoo" objects to be consistent with the "ts" method.

• New vignette “zoo-read” introducing read.zoo() including several new features (see also below).

• In read.zoo() if FUN is not specified but FUN2 is specified then FUN2 is applied in place of FUN. Previously FUN2 was ignored in this case. Also format and tz arguments can be NULL in which case they are treated as missing.

• read.zoo() can accept a vector of filenames in which case each is read in and a single "zoo" object is returned formed by merging the individual ones.

• If FUN is omitted in read.zoo() and index.column specifies multiple columns then the columns are pasted together separated by spaces and processing continues as if there were one column.

• In read.zoo() index.column = 0 is now valid in which case 1, 2, 3, … is used for the index.

• read.zoo() can now read in a "zoo" object with an index but no data.

• In most situations in which a plain numeric vector for index.column in read.zoo() would give an error it now also tries using as.list(index.column). As a result its almost always possible to use a plain numeric index.column rather than a list.

• A new src/ directory containing C code backported from the xts package is now included. This is the start of the process to align some of the faster C internals of xts with zoo. xts is now using the LinkingTo option to call certain code in the zoo package (previously in xts/src). Subsequent zoo releases will begin to use the new C, which in the current release are not yet available.

• New roll*r() wrappers which default to align = "right".

• New na.fill() function.

• New na.StructTS() function for seasonal NA interpolation using R’s StructTS().

• rev() method for "zooreg" objects added.

• transform() method added.

• Added frequency argument to as.zooreg() generic and associated methods.

zoo 1.6-5 (2011-04-08)

• Fixed a technical error in the Sweave commands of “zoo-faq.Rnw” which throws an error in the current R-devel (2.14.0 to be).

zoo 1.6-4 (2010-07-09)

• Names were automatically added to indexes in some cases hugely increasing the size of the index. This is no longer done.

• diff() can have a negative lag argument (for forward diffs). Previously only positive was allowed.

• na.locf() now calls na.approx with method = "constant" unless fromLast = TRUE. In particular, arguments x and xout can be passed to na.locf() which is used in alignment applications.

• merge() has check.names argument. If check.names = TRUE (the default) then column names will be valid syntactic names.

• read.zoo()’s index.column argument can be a list such that FUN is called via do.call(FUN, L) where i in list L is replaced with x[,i].

• Added workaround in Ops.zoo to circumvent rare bug in base R.

• Added a median() method.

• Added a quantile() method.

zoo 1.6-3 (2010-04-23)

• New generic function xblocks() for plotting contiguous blocks along the x-axis (intended for base graphics). A default method along with "zoo" and "ts" methods is provided.

• New function na.aggregate().

• New maxgap argument for na.*() methods. Further refinements for many na.*() methods, especially na.approx() and na.spline().

• xyplot() method rewritten; is now a wrapper around the xyplot() method for "ts" objects in the lattice package (lattice:::xyplot.ts). Accompanying infrastructure (llines(), lpoints(), ltext(), etc.), help page, and examples have been substantially revised and expanded.

• New question #13 added to “zoo-faq” vignette.

• FUN argument of aggregate() method now defaults to sum for consistency with aggregate() method for "ts". Previously it had no default.

• new MATCH() method for “times” class.

zoo 1.6-2 (2009-11-23)

• Minor improvement in “zoo-faq” for new R-devel.

zoo 1.6-1 (2009-11-19)

• xtfrm() methods for "yearmon"/"yearqtr" added.

• Enhanced documentation to emphasize that there is typically no need for an ORDER() method if there is an appropriate xtfrm() method.

• Bug fix in group generic functions for "yearmon"/"yearqtr" with non-numeric return values.

zoo 1.6-0 (2009-11-18)

• tis graphics support.

• Workaround to eliminate as.Date.numeric warning when zoo loads.

• read.zoo() now optionally accepts a data frame for the file argument.

• Better error message in read.zoo() if NAs found in index.

• read.zoo() now accepts a split argument that allows reading in of datasets in long format (where long is as defined in R’s reshape() command).

• Methods for cbind(), merge(), rbind(), and c() now ignore NULL arguments.

• Fixed unique() methods for "yearmon" and "yearqtr" objects.

• Fixed a bug in group generic functions and -() generic for“yearmon”and“yearqtr”` objects.

• plot() method now accepts vector lwd.

• New rev() method for "zoo" objects.

zoo 1.5-8 (2009-07-22)

• Bug fixes in unique() methods for "yearmon"/"yearqtr".

zoo 1.5-7 (2009-07-22)

• Added "zoo" methods for xtfrm(), split(), and subset().

• as.zoo() methods for "xts", "tis", "fts", and "mcmc" objects (the other direction being handled by the respective packages).

• Improvements in "yearmon" and "yearqtr":

  • Added range(), unique(), and is.numeric() methods.
  • is.numeric() methods return FALSE.
  • as.yearmon() now also accepts "%b %Y" as a default format so as.yearmon(as.character(ym)) where ym is "yearmon" now works.

• Fixed strip argument in xyplot() method (thanks to Christian Gunning).

• lag() method for "zooreg" objects now has an na.pad argument, like the corresponding "zoo" method. Additinal bug fix.

• head() and tail() methods now allow second argument to be negative

• Added is.na argument to na.trim().

• ORDER() methods for "chron", "dates", and "times" objects added. Without these order has become very slow when using older versions of the chron package (although the most recent version of chron has no slowdown even without this fix as it implements xtfrm()).

zoo 1.5-6 (2009-05-22)

• Changed dependency in coercion functions and vignettes from fCalendar/fSeries to timeDate/timeSeries.

zoo 1.5-5 (2009-02-05)

• Documentation enhancements for new Rd parser.

zoo 1.5-4 (2008-07-09)

• Improvments in read.zoo().

• Updates in zoo FAQ.

• Small bug fix in plot() method (ylim handling).

• Small bug fixes in axis.yearmon and axis.yearqtr.

• Small bug fixes in aggregate.zoo.

• Extended examples for plot.zoo, xyplot.zoo, aggregate.zoo.

• Interactive plots/demos using the packages TeachingDemos (plot.zoo) and playwith (xyplot.zoo).

• mean.yearmon and Sys.yearmon are defined. Similarly for yearqtr.

• min(), max() and range() methods for "yearmon" are defined via Summary().

zoo 1.5-3 (2008-04-22)

• Export as.Date.numeric so that it does not get shadowed by the new as.Date.numeric in stats (from 2.7.0 on). Both functions are almost identical, the version in zoo just sets the default origin = "1970-01-01".

• Added some glue for communication between "zoo" and “timeSeries”: new MATCH() and ORDER() methods for "timeDate", new as.zoo() method for "timeSeries" objects (the inverse will be added to fSeries).

• Improved the “zoo” vignette, updating/correcting the information about timeDate and timeSeries.

zoo 1.5-2 (2008-04-05)

• read.zoo() has new aggregate function argument to aggregate duplicate times.

• New with() method added.

• FAQ updated.

zoo 1.5-0 (2008-03-14)

• New $ and $<- methods.

• read.zoo() now passes format and tz to FUN if they are specified. If FUN is not specified but tz and format specified then "POSIXct" translation is done with respect to the specified format string.

• months.yearmon, quarters.yearmon, cycle.yearmon methods added.

• months.yearqtr, quarters.yearqtr, cycle.yearqtr methods added.

• as.yearqtr.character now accepts %q and default formats are "%Y Q%q", "%Y q%q" and "%Y-%q".

• yearqtr.factor and yearmon.factor added.

• as.yearmon.yearqtr now has frac argument consistent with as.Date.yearmon.

• format.yearqtr and as.character.yearqtr performance speedup for the common case of default format.

zoo 1.4-2 (2008-01-28)

• The processing of regular series in aggregate.zoo was changed. By default, a regular series is only created if the original series was regular. Otherwise, a regular series is only created if indicated (by setting argument regular = TRUE or by supplying a specific frequency).

• zoo FAQ vignette added.

• axis.yearqtr and axis.yearmon improved. They no longer use axis.Date.

• as.yearmon.character accepts "%Y-%m" default format (as well as prior default of "%Y-%m-%d").

• New summary() methods for yearmon/yearqtr objects which simply report the summary of the underlying numeric vector.

• na.locf.default now uses fromLast= (consistent with the R duplicated function). It is similar to the rev= argument (which will be deprecated).

• Comparisons between yearmon variables and character variables that can be coerced to yearmon via as.yearmon now work. This also lets character variables be used in start= and end= arguments of window() method for zoo series with a yearmon index (since window.zoo already allows such usage for any index class that can be compared to character). Similarly for yearqtr.

zoo 1.4-1 (2007-12-14)

• Replaced by() calls by tapply() due to fixes in R 2.6.1-patched that caused errors in plot.zoo.

zoo 1.4-0 (2007-10-12)

• Added a write.zoo() function that writes zoo series to a text file via write.table(). The index is included in the first column so that it can be easily read again using read.zoo().

• read.zoo() has a new argument index.column (default: 1) which can be used to specify in which column of a data file the index/time is stored.

• rapply() was removed from zoo - after being deprecated since zoo 1.2-0 (and R 2.4.0) and replaced by rollapply().

• Improved str() method for "zoo" and "zooreg" series, now gives explicit information about class, start and end, as well as data, index (and frequency).

• zoo() now has a default first argument like ts() has. By default, zoo() is now zoo(NULL) and returns an empty series. This differs somewhat from the default ts() and zooreg() that return ts(NA) and zooreg(NA), respectively.

• Added ... arguments to the as.POSIXct() and as.POSIXlt() methods.

• Implementation of as.Date.numeric() has been modified: being backward compatible with the old zoo:::as.Date.numeric. It now matches the new (2.7.0 to be) base:::as.Date.numeric, but also sets a default "origin" argument (1970-01-01).

• plot.type argument of plot() method now chooses its default value via the screen argument.

zoo 1.3-2 (2007-06-26)

• merge.zoo() has been improved so that unnecessary checking of frequencies is avoided for "zoo" objects.

zoo 1.3-1 (2007-05-14)

• as.yearmon() can take format arguments that do not involve day, e.g., as.yearmon("2007-01", "%Y-%m").

• Added as.data.frame() methods for "yearmon" and "yearqtr" objects.

zoo 1.3-0 (2007-04-20)

• Checking for non-unique index entries has been improved: zoo() throws a warning if a series with non-unique index entries is created. merge() gives a more useful error message.

• Inconsistencies when checking for regularity of series have been resolved: is.regular(), frequency(), frequency<-() etc. all behave consistently now.

• Custom panel functions in plot() method can now refer to parent.frame()$panel.number to determine the current panel. Also added an example of this to ?plot.zoo.

• read.zoo() will behave consistently when the file contains no data.

• Column names (if any) are checked now in rbind.zoo(), producing a similar behaviour as in rbind.data.frame().

zoo 1.2-2 (2006-12-18)

• The order of arguments (... now come after FUN) in rollapply has been changed to allow unnamed additional arguments to be specified for FUN. Previously they had to be named.

• Bug in as.ts.zooreg fixed.

zoo 1.2-1 (2006-09-19)

• One of the examples on ?xyplot.zoo does not run with the R 2.4.0 lattice. It is currently placed in \dontrun{} (see comments in ?xyplot.zoo).

zoo 1.2-0 (2006-08-18)

• rapply() was re-named to rollapply() because from R 2.4.0 on, base R provides a function rapply() for recursive (not rolling) application of functions, which was already described in the Green Book. zoo::rapply() still exists for backward compatibility, however, it is flagged as deprecated and now dispatches to rollapply() methods.

• Added methods for xyplot() from package lattice for classes "zoo", "ts", "its". These functions are still under development and the interface and functionality might be modified/extended in future releases.

• New function make.par.list() (which was previously a local function parm() in zoo’s plot() method) for processing named argument lists. Useful in plotting routines like the plot() and xyplot() methods, see ?make.par.list.

• Subscripting by a "zoo" object whose data is logical is now defined, e.g.,

  z <- zoo(1:10); z[z > 3]

  However, assignment such as

  z[z > 3] <- 2 * z[z > 3]

  does not work.

• Fixed a bug in zoo() when ordered factors are supplied ("ordered" class was dropped)

• Fixed bug in subscripting for drop = TRUE and length of result is 1

• Fixed bug in na.trim(x, "right").

• all= argument of merge() method is coerced to logical so one can do this: merge(zoo(2:4, 2:4), zoo(1:3), all = 0:1).

zoo 1.1-1 (2006-07-03)

• Added na.spline() generic and default method for replacing NAs via cubic spline interpolation

• rbind() method now exported explicitly again.

zoo 1.1-0 (2006-06-06)

• Added a NAMESPACE, many S3 methods are not exported explicitly anymore.

• New argument regular in read.zoo() which is set to FALSE. Only if set to TRUE the series read is coerced to "zooreg" (if possible), which was the previous default behavior.

• suppressWarnings() was added in is.regular() and frequency() functions which try() to convert indexes to numerics which might lead to errors or warnings and NAs (e.g., for characters), both should be fully suppressed now.

zoo 1.0-7 (2006-05-22)

• Added a ... argument to as.data.frame() method for complying with R 2.4.0.

• Improved handling of by argument in aggregate() method.

zoo 1.0-6 (2006-04-07)

• ?zoo now explicitly points out that the index of "zoo" objects should have unique observations (aka time stamps).

• The summary() was fixed to work also with duplicated indexes.

• scale() method added.

• lines(x, y, ...) now supported.

• points() method added.

• -.yearmon and -.yearqtr added.

• axis.yearmon and axis.yearqtr added.

• Axis.yearmon and Axis.yearqtr added.

• na.trim generic and default method added.

zoo 1.0-5 (2006-02-06)

• Added a y argument to plot() method that allows to generate scatter plots of univariate "zoo" series (just as plot.ts(x, y = NULL, ...) does).

• Fixed the usage of %in% in the window() methods, now call MATCH() (rather than match()) directly.

zoo 1.0-4 (2006-01-19)

• Added a rev argument to na.locf() which allows to eliminate NAs by NOCB (next observation carried backward).

zoo 1.0-3 (2005-12-01)

• Added a barplot.zoo() method.

• Fixed frequency.zoo() which returned NA instead of NULL for indexes of class "character".

• Added an example to “zoo-quickref” for querying daily exchange rates from oanda.com via get.hist.quote(). This contains a worked example how to omit weekends from daily series.

• Added an na.pad argument to diff.zoo() method.

zoo 1.0-2 (2005-09-08)

• Small enhancements of plot.zoo().

• Bug fixes in na.locf.default(), as.data.frame.zoo(), lag.zoo(), lag.zooref().

zoo 1.0-1 (2005-06-22)

• Convenience function read.zoo() for reading "zoo" series directly from plain text files.

• New vignette “zoo-quickref” with a quick reference particularly aimed at (daily) financial series (contributed by Ajay Shah).

• plot() method now has screens=, widths= and heights= arguments for controlling which series are plotted in which graphs and widths and heights of graphs. The ylim= argument has been enhanced.

• Argument k= can be vector in lag() method (suggested by Roger Koenker).

• na.locf.default bug fixed.

zoo 1.0-0 (2005-05-25)

• This release accompanies the publication in the Journal of Statistical Software (“zoo: S3 Infrastructure for Regular and Irregular Time Series”, JSS, 14(6), 1-27) that essentially corresponds to the vignette contained in the package. Please use this paper to cite zoo in publications.

• aggregate.zoo allows a function as the argument for computing the aggregation groups. The return value is coerced to "zooreg" if it is.regular.

• extended NA handling for lists and data.frames: na.locf.data.frame, na.locf.list, na.contiguous.data.frame, na.contiguous.list

• pair notation, e.g. c(1985,2), for "zooreg" series is now also allowed in window.zoo and window<-.zoo.

• fixed bug in rapply: result was transposed when by.column = FALSE and a non-scalar function FUN was used.

zoo 0.9-9 (2005-04-27)

• Regular "zoo" series: objects of class "zooreg" (inheriting from "zoo") can be used to store strictly regular series (similar to "ts" objects) or series with an underlying regularity (as before but with observations omitted). They have a frequency attribute that can be used for conversion between "zoo" and "ts". The function is.regular() can be used for checking the regularity of a series.

• Improved merge() method: merge.zoo now accepts non-zoo arguments (other than first) if all non-zoo args have the same NROW value as the first argument (or are scalar). In that case the non-zoo args are given the index of the first series. Scalars are added for the full index of the merged series.

• merge() method can now optionally return a "data.frame" that contains the numeric columns as "zoo" series and the "zoo" objects created from factors converted back to "factor".

• [ method now allows indexing using observations from the index scale (and not only observation numbers).

• rapply, rollmean, rollmax, rollmedian to perform rolling analyses.

• Extended functionality to plot() method type argument

• When plot() method is used with one series list(...) can be omitted from various plotting parameter arguments

• print() method documentation fix for R 2.1.0

• yearmon and yearqtr datetime classes.

• head.ts, tail.ts.

• c.zoo, range.zoo.

• coredata.default, coredata.ts.

zoo 0.9-1 (2004-12-21)

• New generic functions ORDER() and MATCH() (with order() and match() as the default) so that zoo() can handle arbitrary index/time classes when suitable methods for the generic function c(), length(), order(), match() and subsetting [, are supplied.

• Improved printing of "zoo" objects and added a summary() method.

• Extended coercion functionality to and from "zoo" objects. "its" objects can be coerced to "zoo" and vice versa. "zoo" objects can be coerced to vector, matrix, data.frame or list.

• Added functionality to extract/assign to the coredata() of a "zoo" object.

• Added/improved functionality to extract/assign to the window() of a "zoo" object.

• Added/improved functionality to extract/assign to the index() or time() of a "zoo" object.

• Added lag(), diff(), start(), end(), head(), tail() methods.

• Improved plot.zoo() by more flexible expansion of plotting parameters such as col, lty, and pch.

• Added a cbind() method for "zoo" objects (almost synonymous with merge())

• NA handling for "zoo" objects via na.omit(), na.contiguous(), na.approx() and na.locf().

• na.locf() generic function with default method (suitable for "zoo" objects) which implements Last Observation Carried Forward.

• na.approx() generic function with default method (suitable for "zoo" objects) which implements elimination of NAs by interpolation.

• Added mathematical methods: group generic functions for "zoo" objects, t(), cumsum(), cumprod(), cummin(), and cummax().

• Added model.frame.AsIs and model.frame() method to support regression based on "zoo" objects, in particular with lm() (but also many other regression functions).

• Zero length vector zoo objects may have non-zero index vectors intended to be used in merge to extend "zoo" objects. zoo() changed to enable the creation of such objects by omitting first argument.

• Added a vignette explaining the new features

zoo 0.2-0 (2004-08-12)

• zoo() now has defaults for both arguments x and order.by, which mimic the default behaviour of ts().

• Added new aggregate() method for computing summary statistics of "zoo" objects along a coarser index grid.

• Improved merge() method in three directions:

  1. Handling of "zoo" objects with zero columns,
  2. Naming of columns in the merged "zoo" object which behaves more like merge.data.frame(); a corresponding suffixes argument has also been added,
  3. Introced a fill argument which allows to fill gaps by another value than NA.

• Improved documentation with extended examples.

zoo 0.1-4 (2004-05-27)

• Improvements in merge() method.

zoo 0.1-3 (2004-04-14)

• Fix package INDEX.

zoo 0.1-2 (2004-04-08)

• Gabor Grothendieck joins as co-author of the package.

• Add methods merge() and rbind() which allow aligning and joining/intersecting "zoo" series with different time indexes.

• Add methods for window() and str().

zoo 0.1-1 (2004-02-20)

• First CRAN release of zoo package for “Z’s Ordered Observations”, an S3 class which can be used for representing numeric data (vector/matrix) with an ordered index. This could include (irregular) time series data but also data ordered by other variables (other than date/time).

• Functionality includes printing, plotting, subsetting, and coercion from classes "ts" and "irts".

• The package serves as infrastructure for strucchange, especially when visualizing parameter instability tests across some variable other than time.