## ----setup, include = FALSE---------------------------------------------------
# For "no suggests" CRAN check
if (rlang::is_installed(c("modeldata", "rsample"))) {
  run <- TRUE
} else {
  run <- FALSE
  # For in-line code
  correct_bad <- max_j_index_threshold <- NA
}

knitr::opts_chunk$set(
  eval = run,
  collapse = TRUE,
  comment = "#>",
  fig.width = 7,
  fig.height = 6,
  fig.align = "center"
)

## ----message=FALSE, warning=FALSE---------------------------------------------
library(parsnip)
library(probably)
library(dplyr)
library(rsample)
library(modeldata)
data("lending_club")

# I think it makes more sense to have "good" as the first level
# By default it comes as the second level
lending_club <- lending_club |>
  mutate(Class = relevel(Class, "good"))

# There are a number of columns in this data set, but we will only use a few
# for this example
lending_club <- select(lending_club, Class, annual_inc, verification_status, sub_grade)

lending_club

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 75% train, 25% test
set.seed(123)

split <- initial_split(lending_club, prop = 0.75)

lending_train <- training(split)
lending_test <- testing(split)

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
count(lending_train, Class)

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
logi_reg <- logistic_reg()
logi_reg_glm <- logi_reg |> set_engine("glm")

# A small model specification that defines the type of model you are
# using and the engine
logi_reg_glm

# Fit the model
logi_reg_fit <- fit(
  logi_reg_glm,
  formula = Class ~ annual_inc + verification_status + sub_grade,
  data = lending_train
)

logi_reg_fit

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
predictions <- logi_reg_fit |>
  predict(new_data = lending_test, type = "prob")

head(predictions, n = 2)

lending_test_pred <- bind_cols(predictions, lending_test)

lending_test_pred

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
hard_pred_0.5 <- lending_test_pred |>
  mutate(
    .pred = make_two_class_pred(
      estimate = .pred_good,
      levels = levels(Class),
      threshold = .5
    )
  ) |>
  select(Class, contains(".pred"))

hard_pred_0.5 |>
  count(.truth = Class, .pred)

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
hard_pred_0.75 <- lending_test_pred |>
  mutate(
    .pred = make_two_class_pred(
      estimate = .pred_good,
      levels = levels(Class),
      threshold = .75
    )
  ) |>
  select(Class, contains(".pred"))

hard_pred_0.75 |>
  count(.truth = Class, .pred)

## ----echo=FALSE---------------------------------------------------------------
correct_bad <- nrow(filter(hard_pred_0.75, Class == "bad", .pred == "bad"))

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
library(yardstick)

sens(hard_pred_0.5, Class, .pred)
spec(hard_pred_0.5, Class, .pred)

sens(hard_pred_0.75, Class, .pred)
spec(hard_pred_0.75, Class, .pred)

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
j_index(hard_pred_0.5, Class, .pred)
j_index(hard_pred_0.75, Class, .pred)

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
threshold_data <- lending_test_pred |>
  threshold_perf(Class, .pred_good, thresholds = seq(0.5, 1, by = 0.0025))

threshold_data |>
  filter(.threshold %in% c(0.5, 0.6, 0.7))

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
library(ggplot2)

threshold_data <- threshold_data |>
  filter(.metric != "distance") |>
  mutate(group = case_when(
    .metric == "sens" | .metric == "spec" ~ "1",
    TRUE ~ "2"
  ))

max_j_index_threshold <- threshold_data |>
  filter(.metric == "j_index") |>
  filter(.estimate == max(.estimate)) |>
  pull(.threshold)

ggplot(threshold_data, aes(x = .threshold, y = .estimate, color = .metric, alpha = group)) +
  geom_line() +
  theme_minimal() +
  scale_color_viridis_d(end = 0.9) +
  scale_alpha_manual(values = c(.4, 1), guide = "none") +
  geom_vline(xintercept = max_j_index_threshold, alpha = .6, color = "grey30") +
  labs(
    x = "'Good' Threshold\n(above this value is considered 'good')",
    y = "Metric Estimate",
    title = "Balancing performance by varying the threshold",
    subtitle = "Sensitivity or specificity alone might not be enough!\nVertical line = Max J-Index"
  )

## -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
threshold_data |>
  filter(.threshold == max_j_index_threshold)